Anatomy of the Human Diaphragm

Diaphragm

A diaphragm, diaphragma, represents a plane thin muscle, m. phrenicus, domed curved, covered with top and bottom fascia and serous membranes. Muscular fibers, starting from the whole circumference of the lower aperture of the chest, pass into the tendon stretch occupying the middle of the diaphragm, centrum tendineum.

At the site of the fibers' retraction, the lumbar, rib and sternal parts are distinguished in the muscular part of the medulla block.

[caption id="attachment_679" align="aligncenter" width="500"] diaphragm[/caption]

Lumbar part, pars lumbalis, consists of two parts (legs) - the right and left, crus dextrum et sinistrum. Both legs of the diaphragm leave a triangular space between them and the vertebral column, hiatus aorticus, through which passes the aorta with the ductus thoracicus lying behind it. The edge of this hole is bordered by a tendon strip, so that the contraction of the diaphragm does not affect the aortic lumen. Climbing up, the legs of the diaphragm meet with each other in front of the aortic opening and then slightly to the left and up from it again diverge, forming a hole, hiatus esophageus, through which pass the esophagus and accompanying it both nn. vagi. Hiatus esophageus is bordered by muscle beams, playing the role of pulp that regulates the progress of food. Between the muscle beams of each of the legs of the diaphragm, slots are formed through which nn pass. splanchnici, v. azygos (on the left v. hemiazygos) and the sympathetic trunk. The costal part, pars costalis, starting from the cartilages of VII-XII ribs, goes back to the tendon center.

Sternal part, pars sternalis, departs from the posterior surface of the xiphoid process of the sternum to the tendon center. Between pars sternalis and pars costalis near the sternum there is a paired triangular slit, trigonum sternocostalis, through which the lower end of the a penetrates. thoracica interna (a. epigastrica superior). Another large-sized pair gap, the lumbocostalis trigonum, is between pars costalis and lumbalis pars. This gap, corresponding to the existing communication in the embryonal life between the thoracic and abdominal cavity, is covered on top by the pleura and fascia endothoracica, and from below - fascia subperitonealis, retroperitoneal tissue and peritoneum. Through it can pass the so-called diaphragmatic hernia. Somewhat back and to the right of the middle line in the tendon center is a quadrangular opening, foramen venae cdvae, through which passes the inferior vena cava. As indicated,

Function of diaphragm

The diaphragm shrinks when inhaled, its dome flattened, and it descends. Due to the lowering of the diaphragm, the chest cavity is enlarged in the vertical direction, which takes place during inspiration.

Innervation. C3-C5. N. phrenicus, VII-XII nn. intercostales, plexus Solaris.

To which doctors to consult for examination of the diaphragm:

Surgeon

What diseases are associated with the diaphragm:

• Damage (injury) of the diaphragm


• Diaphragmatic hernia


• Hernias of the esophageal opening of the diaphragm


• Relaxation of the diaphragm

What tests and diagnostics should be done for the diaphragm:

X-ray of the thoracic cavity organs